Research shows that BAME staff are more at risk from COVID-19 infection than white staff (The Faculty of Occupational Medicine led by Professor Kamlesh Khunti and commissioned by NHS England ‘Risk Reduction Framework for NHS Staff at risk of COVID-19 infection’). A further analysis on the Disparities in the risk and outcomes from COVID-19 (PHE 2020) found that death rates from Covid-19 were highest among people of black and Asian ethnic groups. This joint trade union guidance sets out the principles of risk assessment for vulnerable workers, including how increased understanding of risk factors and safer working benefits all workers.